Flood Safety
What Is a Flood?
Devastating floods occur throughout the U.S. every year. Ninety percent of all presidentially declared natural disasters involve flooding.
Flooding is usually divided into two categories: flash flooding and river flooding. Both can cause death, injury and property destruction.
Flash floods are usually caused by slow moving thunderstorms or thunderstorms that move over the same area one after the other. Flash floods usually occur within six hours of heavy rainfall and are usually more life threatening, according to the National Weather Service.
The majority of deaths from flooding occur when people become trapped in automobiles that stall while driving through flooded areas. Nearly half of all flood fatalities are vehicle-related.
How Floods are Formed
Several factors contribute to flooding. The two key elements are rainfall intensity and duration. Intensity is the rate of rainfall, and duration is how long the rain lasts. Topography, soil conditions and ground cover also play an important role.
Flood Warnings — Understand Them
- Flood Watch - Flash flooding or flooding is possible within the designated WATCH area. Be alert.
- Flood Warning - Flash flooding or flooding has been reported or is imminent. Take necessary precautions at once.
- Stream Advisory - Flooding of small streams, streets, and lowlying areas, such as railroad underpasses and urban storm drains, is occurring.
- Flood Statement - Follow-up information regarding a flash flood/flood event.
“Turn around, don’t drown!”®
More deaths occur due to flooding each year than from any other thunderstorm or hurricane related hazard. Many of these casualties are a result of careless or unsuspecting motorists who attempt to navigate flooded roads. The National Weather Service now warns anyone who comes to a flooded roadway, Follow these safety rules:
- If flooding occurs, get to higher ground. Stay away from flood-prone areas, including dips, low spots, valleys, ditches, washes, etc.
- Avoid flooded areas or those with rapid water flow. Do not attempt to cross a flowing stream. It takes only six inches of fast flowing water to sweep you off your feet.
- Don’t allow children to play near high water, storm drains or ditches. Hidden dangers could lie beneath the water.
- Flooded roads could have significant damage hidden by floodwaters. NEVER drive through floodwaters or on flooded roads. If your vehicle stalls, leave it immediately and seek higher ground. Water only two feet deep can float away most automobiles.
- Do not camp or park your vehicle along streams and washes, particularly when threatening conditions exist.
- Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize flood dangers.
- Monitor NOAA Weather Radio or your local media for vital weather related information.